Solar Energy Challenges and Opportunities in Kazakhstan
Introduction
In 21st century, the most devices need electricity and
activity that can help people easier and more comfortable. It plays a huge role
in growth of education, transport, science and other ranges of human’s life,
but electricity production perhaps may cause many problems in the future
because of energy is made from natural resources. It means mineral reserves can
be gone and will be risk of potential energy crisis. This state encourages
civilization to transfer renewable power system. Around in the world are being
stimulating sustainable energy procedures to decrease greenhouse effect that gives
to tough problems alike Acid Rain and Global Warming [EIA 2010]. The problem of
substitute energy sources search is popular in Kazakhstan as well. Kazakhstan
is very rich in natural resources mainly in fossil fuels used as energy sources
to produce electricity. To be clearer, 90.53 billion kWh energy produced in
Kazakhstan in 2012 came from coal at nearly 88.2%, for oil and natural gas at 3%
of energy produced by hydro and nuclear electric stations and remain energy was
imported from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan [CIA Factbook 2013, EIA 2010]. The energy
production mostly based on coal and other natural resources and it is necessary
to find substitute source of energy in order to decrease and other harmful from
of non-renewable energy usage in Kazakhstan. This Country has good chance to succeed
in solar energy because it is located in the "solar belt" [Olzhaeva
2012]. Although situations are very suitable for solar energy, but the
resources are slightly use. Kazakhstan had better consideration to use
renewable energy for daily life like photovoltaic technology.
Threat versus Opportunity
Dependence on natural resources cause many problems such as climate
changes, air pollution and ongoing challenges of economic instability in variations
of fuel prices on markets. People need to learn how to use planet’s unlimited
renewable energy resources effectively. Solar energy is the most favorable
alternative energy as the most important and eco-friendly. The reality is that
the traditional energy has a disadvantage impact on the environment. To be
clearer, human activities are accountable to release 70 million tons of CO2
emissions into the atmosphere [Brylske A]. The International Energy Agency
stated Kazakhstan ranked in the 3rd international in terms of greenhouse gas
emissions comparative to GDP (6.11 kg per $ 1 GDP) [UNDP/GEF and Government of
Kazakhstan project 2006]. The approximate consumption of coal in Kazakhstan is
about 92,076.07 in 2011. Lack of attention in alternative energy leads to misdistribution
of energy resources, decline in efficacy and reliability of energy supply,
which can cause damage to human health and environment. Moreover, another prove
of renewable energy is useless centralization of energy in a big area (2.7
million km2) as well as low density of residents (5.5 people/km2) that will
lead significant losses of energy during transportation [UNDP/GEF and
Government of Kazakhstan project 2006; IndexMundi 2013]. As per outcome of misdistribution
of energy resources, the costs are increasing along with the expanse of fuel used
up by energy plants are rising. Kazakhstan is still developing in solar energy,
but it disguise itself from the advantages of the planet's rich source of
renewable energy. Nevertheless, it intended to support a large number of initiatives
to reach 30% of solar energy usage [ReEnergy Kazakhstan 2013].
Conclusion & Recommendation
The technologies are available today to transform sunlight energy
into electricity, but in radically different techniques. For example, photovoltaic
(PV) technology is one of the best widespread ways to take advantage of solar
radiation, but PV-cells produce hardly 0.1% of total global electricity [IEA
2010]. However, there are many types of technology systems based of concentrated
solar power (CSP). The core concept of CSP technology is focusing sunlight
energy by mirrored surfaces; it separated into three modules of technologies: trough
systems, power tower systems, and dish/engine systems [CSP Technology]. However,
CSP considered appropriate solution to the energy problems; Kazakhstan is still
in its early stages of improvement in renewable energy projects for several
reasons. Primarily, renewable energy generally be determined by on unstable aspects
like weather conditions due to risky and unusual form of investment (Behnke
2012).
Overall, Kazakhstan is still working hard to develop gas and oil since
it is a traditional solution. Besides, less important factor is high cost of
equipment required to providing solar energy and the fact that will resolve within
40 years. Regardless of potential problems that can solve with development of
CSP-supply system. It recommended utilization of concentrated solar energy
would produce to make more electricity decreasing. It is depend on petroleum
and to succeed in providing sustainable energy.
Words Count (without heading, subtitle, citation): 719
Words Count (with heading, subtitle, citation): 769
Total Words: 972
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